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Knee gonarthrosis

Arthrosis, however localized in a joint, is a degenerative-dystrophic lesion of the cartilage tissue of the joint. The term "arthro" itself means that the pathology of the disease is not inflammatory in nature. Diagnoses often describe "gonarthrosis. "

The prefix "gon-" indicates the location of the injury - this term means knee in Greek translation. In some cases, the term "osteoarthritis" is used - a name better known to English and American physicians.

Gonarthrosis is more common in women over 40 years of age. Factors that increase the likelihood of developing the disease include obesity and hormonal extinction. The disease can develop unilaterally and bilaterally.

The disease can develop up to the age of 40. In young people, deforming arthrosis of the knee is more often caused by injuries.

In gonarthrosis, the cartilage is first covered with microcracks and then becomes thinner and layered. When the knee is bent, there is pain that gradually increases. If you do not start treatment for the first signs of gonarthrosis of the knee joint, you will limp and then completely lose your ability to move.

arthrosis of the knee joints

Knee gonarthrosis - symptoms

The symptoms of the disease depend on the extent of the lesion. But there is also a common symptom - pain.

Gradually growing.

Grade 1 is characterized by mild painful feelings that occur when the load on the knee joint increases. A smaller accumulation of fluid may appear - accumulation of fluid in the joint cavity. At rest, the pain goes away, there is no external change in the knee, sometimes edema develops, which also disappears on its own.

In grade 2 gonarthrosis, pain does not only occur after exercise. At rest, a discomfort may occur after changing the position of the lower limb. Now the knee joint needs a long rest. The knee swells at times and when it bends, cracking can occur. Bending and bending the leg becomes problematic. If arthritis or bursitis develops in the background of arthrosis - the accumulation of synovial fluid in the joint cavity or bursa (bursa) - the knee will swell and become hyperaemic.

The X-ray shows significant damage to the cartilage tissue, narrowing of the joint gap, and initial deformation of the bones.

With 3 degrees of gonarthrosis, the severity of symptoms increases. The foot is already difficult to bend, the maximum bend is 130-1400. . . The deformity of the joint is already expressed externally. The pain does not decrease during rest, it becomes almost constant. It is impossible to fall asleep without painkillers.

X-rays show a narrowed joint gap, deformed joint bones, and a number of osteophytes (spikes due to salt deposits) in the joint cavity.

Lack of treatment for knee arthrosis significantly impairs quality of life - the ability to keep a straight posture is lost.

Causes of gonarthrosis of the knee joint

The disease can be caused by the following causes.

  1. Injuries: sprains, fractures, muscle sprains and ligament tears in the joint area, meniscus injury.
  2. Illiterate treatment of injuries - lack of drugs for prolonged immobilization or restoration of blood supply in the therapeutic system causes a violation of joint trophism.
  3. Increased stress during sports or professional activities.
  4. Obesity. The fastest development of arthrosis occurs when obesity is combined with varicose veins - violation of the trophism of the soft tissues + constant increased load.
  5. Violation of the structure of the tape apparatus.
  6. Inflammatory processes of various etiologies in the body that triggered the development of arthritis. Against the background of arthritis - an inflammatory process - arthrosis will develop in the future.
  7. Disruption of metabolic processes in the body, which does not allow the absorption of useful substances in the required amount.
  8. Inadequate nutrition, including diets, is not enough nutrients from food.
  9. Hormonal changes.
  10. Emotional instability and stressors.
  11. Bad habits - smoking, drugs and alcohol.
  12. Hypothermia.
  13. Poisoning of the body.

The last 2 points cause a relapse of arthrosis as it worsens the general condition of the body.

Knee gonarthrosis - treatment

The diagnosis of the disease consists of several stages:

  • collection of medical history;
  • visual inspection;
  • laboratory tests - general and specific blood and urine tests;
  • hardware and diagnostic tests - X-ray (required), CT, MRI.

Ultrasound may be needed to assess the condition of the blood vessels.

Usually, knee arthrosis is treated at home - in most cases, a hospital referral is required for patients recommended for surgery - excision of the damaged joint capsule and endoprosthesis. If the disease in 1-2. stage, it can be remissioned by conservative methods.

The following therapeutic measures and medications are prescribed:

  1. Immobilization of the affected limb during exacerbation.
  2. Elimination of pain with drugs of different groups:
    • NVPS;
    • analgesics, including narcotic ingredients - disposable for intolerable pain;
    • anesthetics in the form of injections.
    • The most commonly prescribed non-steroidal drugs. They are made in various forms - for example creams, ointments, suppositories, injections, solutions; you can use them as you wish.
    • Corticosteroids are used - they are also injected into the joint cavity.
    • Muscle relaxants are used to eliminate cramps in soft tissues and restore trophism.
    • Prescribe medications that restore peripheral blood supply.
    • Vitamin therapy - B vitamins are given as an injection.
    • Chondroprotectors are used to stop bone deformation and repair cartilage tissue. In the initial stage, it is injected into the joint cavity and then taken as tablets. The duration of treatment is long - up to 6 months.
    • Physiotherapy: paraffin, ozokerite, hydrocortisone electrophoresis, exposure to currents of different frequencies, magnetotherapy.
    • Massage.
    • Physiotherapy exercises - otherwise it is impossible to restore movement in the lower limb.

Modern treatment of arthrosis is supplemented by the following methods

Ozone therapy (in the background of glucosteroid treatment). Ozone-enriched saline injections are injected into the affected joint, which restores trophism and eliminates pain.

Physiotherapy. Special exercises help restore the amplitude of the affected joint - the load is selected individually for each patient.

Home treatment with folk remedies cannot eliminate knee arthrosis, but it helps keep it in remission for a long time.

Outer folk remedies include ointments and rubbing, which are made at home from local irritating products and natural remedies. The knee joint is rubbed with alcoholic tinctures, which are soaked in hot peppers, horseradish and onion peel. White cabbage compresses and honey cakes are placed on the knees, the feet soaring in a coniferous bath or comfrey infusion.

When treating arthrosis of the knee joint, a special diet must be followed - it is necessary:

  • reduce the amount of salt in the daily menu;
  • give up hot spices;
  • reduce the amount of foods with a high purine content;
  • increase the amount of fermented milk and plant foods (except sorrel, legumes, spinach);
  • to extend the drinking system.

Only comprehensive treatment of gonarthrosis will help eliminate painful feelings in the joint and lead to long-term remission of the disease.